Why Was My Dog Prescribed Apoquel? Complete Guide for Pet Owners
If your veterinarian prescribed Apoquel for your dog, you're likely dealing with persistent itching and skin problems. This comprehensive guide explains why Apoquel is prescribed, how it works, and what you can expect from this popular allergy medication.
What is Apoquel?
Apoquel (oclacitinib) is a prescription medication specifically designed to control itching and inflammation in dogs with allergic dermatitis. It's a targeted therapy that works differently from traditional treatments like steroids or antihistamines, offering fast relief with fewer side effects.
Key Facts About Apoquel:
- Generic Name: Oclacitinib maleate
- Brand Name: Apoquel
- Drug Class: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
- Manufacturer: Zoetis
- Age Requirement: Dogs 12 months and older
- Weight Requirement: Dogs over 6.6 pounds
Why Veterinarians Prescribe Apoquel
Primary Uses:
- • Environmental allergies (atopic dermatitis)
- • Food allergies (as part of comprehensive treatment)
- • Chronic itching that hasn't responded to other treatments
- • Dogs that cannot tolerate steroids
- • Cases where fast itch relief is needed
Symptoms Apoquel Addresses:
- • Excessive scratching, licking, or chewing
- • Red, inflamed skin
- • Hot spots or secondary bacterial infections
- • Chronic ear infections related to allergies
- • Disrupted sleep due to itching
How Apoquel Works
Unlike steroids that broadly suppress the immune system, Apoquel specifically targets the JAK (Janus kinase) pathways responsible for itch and inflammation. This targeted approach means it can effectively stop itching within hours while having fewer side effects than traditional treatments.
Timeline for Effectiveness:
- • Within 4 hours: Initial itch relief begins
- • Within 24 hours: Significant reduction in scratching
- • Within 14 days: Maximum effectiveness achieved
- • Long-term: Continued control with regular dosing
Proper Dosage and Administration
Typical Dosing Schedule:
- • Initial Phase: 0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for up to 14 days
- • Maintenance Phase: 0.4-0.6 mg/kg once daily
- • Available Strengths: 3.6 mg, 5.4 mg, and 16 mg tablets
⚠️ Always follow your veterinarian's specific dosing instructions
Administration Tips:
- • Can be given with or without food
- • Give at the same time each day
- • Tablets can be divided if your vet recommends it
- • Don't crush or break tablets unless approved by your vet
Want to track your dog's response to Apoquel?
Use VetLens to monitor your dog's allergy symptoms, track medication effectiveness, and share progress updates with your veterinarian for optimal treatment management.
Try VetLens FreeCommon Side Effects and Safety
Most dogs tolerate Apoquel well, but some side effects may occur:
Mild Side Effects (Uncommon):
- • Mild stomach upset or diarrhea
- • Decreased appetite
- • Lethargy
- • Increased susceptibility to minor infections
Serious Side Effects (Rare):
- • Serious infections (bacterial, fungal, or parasitic)
- • New skin masses or growths
- • Significant changes in behavior or energy
- • Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
Important Safety Considerations
- Age and Weight Restrictions: Only for dogs 12 months and older, weighing more than 6.6 pounds
- Regular Monitoring: Periodic blood work may be recommended for long-term use
- Infection Risk: May increase susceptibility to infections; watch for unusual symptoms
- Cancer History: Use with caution in dogs with a history of cancer
- Breeding Dogs: Safety in breeding animals hasn't been established
Apoquel vs. Other Allergy Treatments
Comparison with Other Treatments:
- vs. Steroids: Faster acting, fewer side effects, better for long-term use
- vs. Antihistamines: Much more effective for most dogs with allergies
- vs. Cytopoint Injections: Apoquel is daily oral medication; Cytopoint is monthly injection
- vs. Immunotherapy: Faster relief but doesn't address underlying cause
Cost Considerations
Apoquel pricing varies based on:
- • Your dog's size (larger dogs need higher doses)
- • Geographic location and pharmacy
- • Whether you buy from your vet vs. online pharmacies
- • Insurance coverage (some pet insurance covers medications)
- • Generic alternatives (not yet available in the U.S.)
What to Expect During Treatment
First Few Days: You should notice reduced scratching and licking within hours to days. Your dog may seem more comfortable and sleep better.
First Few Weeks: Skin inflammation should improve, and secondary infections may begin to clear. Your vet may adjust the dose to once daily.
Long-term: Many dogs maintain good control with daily dosing. Regular vet checkups help monitor for any side effects.
Success Indicators: Signs that Apoquel is working include less scratching, improved sleep, healing of damaged skin, and fewer secondary infections. Many dogs show dramatic improvement in quality of life.
Monitor Your Dog's Allergy Treatment
Use VetLens to:
- ✓ Track daily symptoms and scratching episodes
- ✓ Monitor medication effectiveness over time
- ✓ Document any side effects for your vet
- ✓ Store photos to show skin improvement
Frequently Asked Questions
How long can my dog stay on Apoquel?
Apoquel can be used long-term for chronic allergies. Many dogs take it for years without problems. Your vet will monitor your dog regularly to ensure it remains safe and effective.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Give the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for the next dose. Don't give two doses at once. Missing occasional doses shouldn't cause serious problems, but consistent dosing works best.
Can Apoquel be used with other medications?
Apoquel can often be used alongside other treatments like medicated shampoos, antibiotics for infections, or even allergy shots. Always inform your vet about all medications your dog is taking.
Why can't puppies take Apoquel?
Apoquel affects immune system development, so it's not recommended for dogs under 12 months old. Puppies' immune systems are still maturing, and the medication could interfere with normal development.